High-precision measurement of the center of gravity in neutral at the parts-per-billion level
Phys. Rev. A 112, 012819 – Published 23 July, 2025
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/8b1f-fpgq
Abstract
We use saturated absorption spectroscopy to study neutral atoms produced in a dc discharge lamp. Previous measurements of the state energy were limited in precision due to overlapping hyperfine structure. In this work, we apply a 400 G magnetic field, which splits the magnetic sublevels creating a spectral feature near the center-of-gravity energy of the state. We determine the transition frequency from the ground state to be , corresponding to a center-of-gravity energy of . This result is a factor of 30 more precise than the previous best measurement and constitutes the most precise determination of an excited-state energy in a four-electron system to date. As theoretical methods advance, this result will enable stringent tests of quantum electrodynamics in four-electron systems.