Quasi-one-dimensional soliton in self-repulsive spin-orbit-coupled dipolar spin-half and spin-one condensates
Phys. Rev. A 113, 033310 – Published 18 March, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/89kr-m2zt
Abstract
We study the formation of solitons in a uniform quasi-one-dimensional (quasi-1D) spin-orbit (SO) coupled self-repulsive pseudo-spin-half and spin-one dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs), using the mean-field Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The dipolar atoms are taken to be polarized along the quasi-1D direction. In the pseudo-spin-half case, for small SO coupling, one can have dark-bright and bright-bright solitons. For large SO coupling, the dark-bright and bright-bright solitons may acquire a spatially periodic modulation in density; for certain values of contact-interaction parameters there is only the normal bright-bright soliton without any spatially periodic modulation in density. In the spin-one antiferromagnetic case, for small SO coupling, one can have bright-bright-bright, dark-bright-dark, and bright-dark-bright solitons; and for large SO coupling, the dark-bright-dark and bright-dark-bright solitons are found to have a spatially periodic modulation in density. In the spin-one ferromagnetic case, for both small and large SO coupling, we find only bright-bright-bright solitons. All these solitons, especially those with a dark-soliton component, are dynamically stable as demonstrated by real-time propagation using the converged stationary solution obtained by imaginary-time propagation as the initial state.
