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    Elongated vortex quantum droplets in binary Bose-Einstein condensates

    Guilong Li1,*, Zibin Zhao1,*, Rui Zhang1, Zhaopin Chen2, Bin Liu1,†, Boris A. Malomed3, and Yongyao Li1,4,‡

    • 1School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
    • 2Physics Department and Solid-State Institute, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
    • 3Instituto de Alta Investigación, Universidad de Tarapacá, Casilla 7D, Arica, Chile
    • 4Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Intelligent Micro-Nano Optoelectronic Technology, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China

    • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
    • †Contact author: binliu@fosu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: yongyaoli@gmail.com

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 013318 – Published 28 July, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/771t-rkdj

    Abstract

    Stability of elongated (“slender”) quantum droplets (QDs) with embedded unitary and multiple vorticity is a problem that was not solved previously. In this work, we propose a solution which relies upon the use of the spatial modulation of the interspecies scattering length in the binary Bose-Einstein condensates, in the form of a two-dimensional axisymmetric Gaussian, shaped by means of the optical Feshbach resonance. The corresponding effective nonlinear trapping potential supports completely stable elongated QDs with vorticity S=0 and partly stable families of elongated QDs with S=1,2,3,4 (other nonlinear systems do not maintain stability of vortex droplets with ≥2). We systematically analyze effects of the amplitude and width of the Gaussian modulation, as well as the total number of atoms, on the shape and stability of the QDs, some effects being explained analytically. Collisions between identical QDs with S=1 moving in opposite directions along the central axis leads to their merger into still more elongated breathing QDs with the same vorticity, while collisions between QDs with S=±1 are quasielastic. Moving modulation profiles are able to adiabatically rotate the trapped elongated QDs. Application of a torque to the vector QD sets in the gyroscopic regime of robust precession, which realizes a macroscopic spin-orbit-coupling effect.

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