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  • Letter

Direct characterization of classical dephasing noise for a qubit

Yuan-De Jin1,2,*, Zheng-Fei Ye1,2,3,*, and Wen-Long Ma1,2,†

  • *These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • †Contact author: wenlongma@semi.ac.cn

Phys. Rev. A 114, L040401 – Published 9 October, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6kzz-gld6

Abstract

We propose a general method to characterize classical stochastic noise causing qubit dephasing through repetitive Ramsey interferometry measurements (RIMs) on the qubit. Compared to filter-function-based spectroscopy, our method with simpler pulse control is less constrained by probe coherence time and can directly detect arbitrary-order correlation functions of quasistatic noise processes. We show that each RIM with a short evolution time and suitably chosen control pulses directly samples the noise field, and the n-point correlations of the RIM outcomes are proportional to the n-point correlation functions of the noise processes. We demonstrate the method numerically for two representative cases: an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Gaussian process and a non-Gaussian ensemble of two-level fluctuators. While practical constraints such as readout contrast and sampling cost persist, our method offers a direct route to quasistatic classical noise spectroscopy across diverse platforms.

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