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    Defect-adaptive lattice surgery on irregular boundary surface-code patches

    Gunsik Min*, Youshin Chung†, Yujin Kang‡, and Jun Heo§

    • School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

    • *Contact author: mgs3351@korea.ac.kr
    • †Contact author: jeongys604@korea.ac.kr
    • ‡Contact author: yujin20@korea.ac.kr
    • §Contact author: junheo@korea.ac.kr

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 042444 – Published 19 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/6hyc-6rwl

    Abstract

    Defect-adaptive surface-code methods construct valid logical patches on imperfect hardware, but fault-tolerant computation also requires certifying that requested logical operations remain executable on the resulting irregular geometries. We address this problem for lattice-surgery merges whose interfaces intersect deformed boundaries, unavailable checks, or gauge-inferred operators. Our compiler constructs an admissible seam-measurement set whose elements associate effective seam supports with raw-outcome selectors and schedule metadata. A GF(2) row-space test then determines whether the requested joint parity is realizable modulo premerge stabilizer constraints, returning either an explicit parity-extraction rule or a dual witness of nonrealizability within the evaluated set. Paired ablations isolate the contribution of the proposed measurement-set construction rules. We further apply the test to configurations generated by Snakes and Ladders on 15 000 clustered boundary-defect maps. Adding the proposed boundary-reconstruction rows increases the certification rate from 61.88% to 62.79%, with the gain concentrated in strongly clustered regimes. The framework therefore provides a compiler step that separates defect-adaptive patch construction from the certification and extraction of lattice-surgery parity measurements.

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