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    Ultrafast three-dimensional steering of electronic ring currents in benzene: Coherent control of angular momentum

    Dongming Jia1,*, Yuteng Zhou1, Chunmei Liu1, and Yonggang Yang2,3,†

    • *Contact author: dmjia@njupt.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: ygyang@sxu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 063115 – Published 24 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/5jhg-ktpk

    Abstract

    Coherent control of electronic ring currents enables the steering of optomagnetic responses on femtosecond timescales. However, most existing schemes confine these currents to the molecular plane, effectively constraining the electronic angular momentum (EAM) vector to a fixed direction. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional control of the time-dependent EAM in benzene. By engineering a coherent superposition involving the ground state and three dipole-allowed excited states within the 1E1u(X,Y) and 1A2u(Z) manifolds, we show that both the magnitude and spatial orientation of the electronic flux and EAM vector 〈L〉(t) can be continuously steered. We identify three characteristic dynamical regimes: (i) steady axial alignment, (ii) single-axis reversal, and (iii) the conical precession of 〈L〉(t). These predictions are corroborated by dissipative quantum dynamics simulations using the Lindblad master equation. Our findings establish that coherence across multiple electronic states unlocks controllable degrees of freedom for the EAM vector, demonstrating proof-of-principle three-dimensional optomagnetic sculpting in benzene and suggesting possible criteria for identifying other candidate polyatomic systems.

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