Local distinguishability of five orthogonal product states on bipartite and tripartite quantum systems
Phys. Rev. A 113, 052436 – Published 15 May, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/53hk-wkd3
Abstract
Local distinguishability of orthogonal quantum states can be used to reduce the consumption of quantum resources and lower economic costs in quantum protocols. In this paper, we give the local distinguishability of five orthogonal product states (OPSs) on bipartite and tripartite quantum systems. On one hand, we prove that five OPSs, any two of which are orthogonal only on one subsystem, can be perfectly distinguished by local operations and classical communication (LOCC) except one case, and also discuss the local distinguishability of this exceptional case. On the other hand, we conclude that five tripartite OPSs, any two of which are orthogonal only on one subsystem, can be perfectly distinguished by LOCC except two cases. Furthermore, we discuss the local distinguishability of five tripartite OPSs corresponding to these two exceptional cases. Our work provides a detailed characterization of the local distinguishability of five OPSs.
