Reuse & Permissions

It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties. It is your responsibility to obtain the proper permission from the rights holder directly for these figures.

Export citation

Export citation

Choose format for download:

Download Citation
  • Open Access

Resonance laser ionization spectroscopy of stable chromium isotopes

L. Lalanne1,2,3,*, R. Mancheva1,2, M. Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis1,2, M. Heines1, Á. Koszorús1, Y. C. Liu4, J. Reilly5, C. Bernerd2, B. van den Borne1 et al.

K. Chrysalidis2, T. E. Cocolios1, K. T. Flanagan5, R. F. Garcia Ruiz6, R. P. de Groote1, R. Heinke1,2,5, J. Johnson1, P. Lassegues1, K. Mack5, B. A. Marsh2, A. McGlone5, K. M. Lynch5, G. Neyens1, R. Van Duyse1, J. Wessolek5,2, and X. F. Yang4

  • *Contact author: louis.lalanne@ijclab.in2p3.fr

Phys. Rev. A 114, 032811 – Published 8 September, 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/4kpl-b7cs

Abstract

Resonance laser ionization spectroscopy was conducted on stable chromium isotopes Cr50,52,53,54 using the RILIS laser ion source and the CRIS experimental apparatus at the ISOLDE/CERN facility. A unique titanium:sapphire laser-based three-step laser ionization scheme was developed to selectively and efficiently ionize and extract the Cr isotopes. Over 350 electronic transitions were observed, including several efficient transitions to autoionizing states. High-resolution spectroscopic measurements were performed with the 3d5(6S)4s a7S3→3d5(6S)4p z7P3 atomic ground-state transition to characterize the scheme and benchmark the performance of the CRIS setup. The isotope shifts δν50,52=−121(7)MHz, δν50,53=−137(6)MHz, and δν54,52=−14(6)MHz were measured, and the hyperfine structure parameter AS3=−82.64(16)MHz of Cr53 was extracted. A King plot analysis allowed reevaluation of the field shift F=−271(11)MHzfm−2 and mass shift M=105.3(30)GHzu factors of the transition with improved precision and accuracy. High-resolution measurements agree with the existing literature, supporting the accuracy and the reliability of the method for future studies involving radioactive isotopes.

View figure in article

Physics Subject Headings (PhySH)

Article Text

Supplemental Material

References (45)

  1. G. Neyens, Nuclear magnetic and quadrupole moments for nuclear structure research on exotic nuclei, Rep. Prog. Phys. 66, 633 (2003).
  2. X. F. Yang, S. J. Wang, S. G. Wilkins, and R. F. Garcia Ruiz, Laser spectroscopy for the study of exotic nuclei, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 129, 104005 (2023).
  3. M. Mougeot et al., Precision mass measurements of Cr58–63: Nuclear collectivity towards the N=40 island of inversion, Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 232501 (2018).
  4. A. Gade et al., In-beam spectroscopy reveals competing nuclear shapes in the rare isotope Cr62, Nat. Phys. 21, 37 (2025).
  5. L. Lalanne et al. (CERN, ISOLDE Collaboration, IS714), Cr61 as a doorway to the N=40 island of inversion, Phys. Rev. C 112, L031301 (2025).
  6. T. Day Goodacre, K. Chrysalidis, D. V. Fedorov, V. N. Fedosseev, B. A. Marsh, P. L. Molkanov, R. E. Rossel, S. Rothe, and C. Seiffert, The identification of autoionizing states of atomic chromium for the resonance ionization laser ion source of the ISOLDE radioactive ion beam facility, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 129, 58 (2017).
  7. V. Fedosseev et al., Ion beam production and study of radioactive isotopes with the laser ion source at ISOLDE, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44, 084006 (2017).
  8. B. A. Marsh et al., The ISOLDE RILIS pump laser upgrade and the LARIS laboratory, Hyperfine Interact. 196, 129 (2010).
  9. R. Schulz et al., Two-step laser resonant ionization spectroscopy of neutral chromium, Results Phys. 76, 108368 (2025).
  10. K. T. Flanagan et al., Collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy of neutron-deficient francium isotopes, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212501 (2013).
  11. Á. Koszorús et al., A self-correcting qubit, Nat. Phys. 17, 437 (2021).
  12. R. Catherall et al., The ISOLDE facility, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 44, 094002 (2017).
  13. E. Mané et al., An ion cooler-buncher for high-sensitivity collinear laser spectroscopy at ISOLDE, Eur. Phys. J. A 42, 503 (2009).
  14. T. E. Cocolios et al., High-resolution laser spectroscopy with the collinear resonance ionisation spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at CERN-ISOLDE, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 376, 284 (2016).
  15. M. Athanasakis-Kaklamanakis et al., Voltage scanning and technical upgrades at the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy experiment, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 541, 86 (2023).
  16. F. Köhler, Bachelor thesis, Setup of precision high-voltage dividers and laser beam transport system at ISOLDE, Technical University of Darmstadt, 2022.
  17. S. Rothe, B. A. Marsh, C. Mattolat, V. N. Fedosseev, and K. Wendt, A complementary laser system for ISOLDE RILIS, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 312, 052020 (2011).
  18. A. Teigelhöfer, P. Bricault, O. Chachkova, M. Gillner, J. Lassen, J. P. Lavoie, R. Li, J. Meißner, W. Neu, and K. D. A. Wendt, Grating tuned Ti:Sa laser for in-source spectroscopy of Rydberg and autoionizing states, Hyperfine Interact. 196, 161 (2010).
  19. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Atomic spectra database, https://www.nist.gov/pml/atomic-spectra-database.
  20. R. L. Kurucz, Atomic and molecular data, https://lweb.cfa.harvard.edu/amp/ampdata/kurucz23/sekur.html.
  21. See Supplemental Material at http://link.aps.org/supplemental/10.1103/4kpl-b7cs for the complete list of observed resonances.
  22. R. Li, J. Lassen, P. Kunz, M. Mostamand, B. B. Reich, A. Teigelhöfer, H. Yan, and F. Ames, Lu and Pr beam development for resonance ionization laser ion sources, Spectrochim. Acta B 158, 105633 (2019).
  23. M. C. E. Huber, R. J. Sandeman, and E. F. Tubbs, The spectrum of Cr I between 179.8 and 200 nm wavelengths, absorption cross sections, and oscillator strengths, Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 342, 431 (1975).
  24. E. B. Saloman, Energy levels and observed spectral lines of neutral and singly ionized chromium, Cr I and Cr II, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 41, 043103 (2012).
  25. A. Owens, T. Chen, C. Hill, S. Mohr, and J. Tennyson, LiDB: Database of atomic radiative lifetimes for plasma processes, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer 330, 109242 (2025).
  26. T. Day Goodacre et al., Radium ionization scheme development: The first observed autoionizing states and optical pumping effects in the hot cavity environment, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 150, 99 (2018).
  27. V. Sonnenschein, I. D. Moore, S. Raeder, M. Reponen, H. Tomita, and K. Wendt, Characterization of a pulsed injection-locked Ti:sapphire laser and its application to high resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy of copper, Laser Phys. 27, 085701 (2017).
  28. W. Gins, B. van den Borne, R. P. de Groote, and G. Neyens, SATLAS2: An update to the package for analysis of counting data, Comput. Phys. Commun. 297, 109053 (2024).
  29. T. Reinhardt, J. Maichel, M. Baumann, and J. Krüger, Hyperfine structure of the resonance lines ofCr53 and lifetimes of some excited states of the Cr I spectrum, Z. Phys. D 34, 87 (1995).
  30. A. Jarosz et al., High precision investigations of the hyperfine structure of metastable levels in a chromium atom, J. Phys. B: At., Mol. Opt. Phys. 40, 2785 (2007).
  31. W. J. Childs, L. S. Goodman, and D. von Ehrenstein, Magnetic hyperfine interaction of Cr53, Phys. Rev. 132, 2128 (1963).
  32. P. A. Zyla et al. (Particle Data Group), Review of particle physics, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2020, 083C01 (2020).
  33. L. Wallace and K. Hinkle, The 236.6–5400.0 nm spectrum of Cr I, Astrophys. J. 700, 720 (2009).
  34. J. Sugar and C. Corliss, Energy levels of chromium, Cr I through Cr XXIV, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 6, 317 (1977).
  35. B. Furmann, A. Jarosz, D. Stefańska, J. Dembczyński, and E. Stachowska, Isotope shift in chromium, Spectrochim. Acta, Part B 60, 33 (2005).
  36. H. Heilig and D. Wendlandt, Isotope shift in Cr I, Phys. Lett. A 25, 277 (1967).
  37. W. H. King, Isotope Shifts in Atomic Spectra (Springer Science Business Media, New York, 2013).
  38. G. Fricke, C. Bernhardt, K. Heilig, L. A. Schaller, L. Schellenberg, E. B. Shera, and C. W. Dejager, Nuclear ground state charge radii from electromagnetic interactions, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 60, 177 (1995).
  39. H. De Vries, C. W. De Jager, and C. De Vries, Nuclear charge-density-distribution parameters from elastic electron scattering, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 36, 495 (1987).
  40. B. Ohayon, Critical evaluation of reference charge radii and applications in mirror nuclei, At. data nucl. data tables, 165, 101732 (2025) .
  41. M. Gorchtein, Guide to nuclear polarization in muonic atoms, Phys. Rev. C 113, L011301 (2026).
  42. G. Fricke, Nuclear Charge Radii (Springer, Berlin, 2004).
  43. J. W. Lightbody Jr. et al., Elastic and inelastic electron scattering from Cr50,52,54, Phys. Rev. C 27, 113 (1983).
  44. P. Aufmuth, K. Heilig, and A. Steudel, Changes in mean-square nuclear charge radii from optical isotope shifts, At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 37, 455 (1987).
  45. H. D. Wohlfahrt, E. B. Shera, M. V. Hoehn, Y. Yamazaki, and R. M. Steffen, Nuclear charge distributions in 1f72 -shell nuclei from muonic x-ray measurements, Phys. Rev. C 23, 533 (1981).

Outline

Information

Sign In to Your Journals Account

Filter

Filter

Article Lookup

Enter a citation