The Fraunhofer diffraction of quantum particles from materials with sharp electron-density edges or symmetric bond structures is ubiquitous. In contrast, diffraction from atoms with a characteristic asymptotically diffused electron distribution is far less intuitive, although known for many years. The current study unravels an unusual diffraction mechanism of elastic electrons from diffused atomic diffractors. Consequently, the fringe pattern converted to the Fourier reciprocal space maps out the effective scattering potential, which is not accessible in direct measurements. This may benefit large-volume and multiscale computational modeling of processes in materials where adopting the complex exact potentials is challenging and expensive. The study employs a relativistic partial-wave analysis with atoms modeled in the Dirac-Fock formalism and performs $e$-Cd measurements in absolute scale. Analysis for Mg, Ba, and Ra targets demonstrates the universality of the mechanism.

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• Atomic & molecular collisions
• Electron & positron scattering
• Scattering theory