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    Geometric power capacity of coherent ergotropy in quantum batteries

    Dong-Ping Xuan1,*, Hua Nan2,†, Zhi-Xi Wang3,‡, and Shao-Ming Fei3,4,§

    • *Contact author: xuandongping@ccut.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: nanhua@ybu.edu.cn
    • ‡Contact author: wangzhx@cnu.edu.cn
    • §Contact author: feishm@cnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 114, 042211 – Published 15 October, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/37q3-92p9

    Abstract

    We explore coherent ergotropy extraction in quantum batteries from a resource-geometric point of view. For an initial state ρ, we quantify the coherent extraction process by the coherent ergotropy Ec(ρ) and the coherent extraction distance Dcext(ρ) between the active state σρ and the passive state Pρ. This defines the geometric power capacity Πc(ρ)=Ec(ρ)/Dcext(ρ), which measures the coherent ergotropy released unit minimal unitary distance. We prove that, for any driving Hamiltonian satisfying ∥Vt∥≤ν, the actual coherent discharging power is bounded by Pcext(ρ;Vt)≤νΠc(ρ), showing that Πc(ρ) is a capacity under unit driving norm rather than the power of a particular protocol. General bounds on Πc(ρ) are derived by combining relative entropy bounds on coherent ergotropy with geometric bounds on the coherent extraction distance. We also formulate coherence-measure-induced bounds and protocol-corrected capacities involving the effective speed of a given Hamiltonian. Qubit and qutrit examples demonstrate that Πc(ρ) captures a resource-geometric feature of coherent discharging beyond coherent ergotropy or coherence measures alone.

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