Quenching dynamics of vortices in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates under a detuning gradient
Phys. Rev. A 113, 023321 – Published 23 February, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/3391-f1cj
Abstract
This paper investigates the ground states and complex dynamics of vortices in spin-orbit-coupled Bose-Einstein condensates subjected to a position-dependent detuning. By scanning the detuning gradient and solving the coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations, we obtain static vortex lattice structures containing one to six vortices. When the detuning gradient is quenched below its initial value, these vortex lattices exhibit novel periodic rotation motion, with the stability persisting for up to 1000 ms. Notably, depending on the quenched gradient, the twin vortices exhibit two distinct modes: a scissorslike oscillation and unidirectional clockwise rotation. We quantitatively analyze this dynamics and establish direct correspondence between the rotation and the underlying magnetic field gradients experienced by the condensates. When the quenched detuning gradient exceeds its initial value, new vortices are generated. Our findings not only elucidate the rich response of vortices to synthetic magnetic fields but also provide a potential theoretical scheme for the development of ultracold-atom-based magnetic-field gradiometers.
