Quantum machine learning (QML) leverages quantum computing for classical inference, furnishes the processing of quantum data with machine-learning methods, and provides quantum algorithms adapted to noisy devices. Typically, QML proposals are framed in terms of the circuit model of quantum computation. The alternative measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) paradigm can exhibit lower circuit depths, is naturally compatible with classical coprocessing of midcircuit measurements, and offers a promising avenue towards error correction. Despite significant progress on MBQC devices, QML in terms of MBQC has been hardly explored. We propose the multiple-triangle Ansatz (MuTA), a universal quantum neural network assembled from MBQC neurons featuring bias engineering, monotonic expressivity, tunable entanglement, and scalable training. We numerically demonstrate that MuTA can learn a universal set of gates in the presence of noise, a quantum-state classifier, as well as a quantum instrument, and classify classical data using a quantum kernel tailored to MuTA. Finally, we incorporate hardware constraints imposed by photonic Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill qubits. Our framework lays the foundation for versatile quantum neural networks native to MBQC, allowing one to explore MBQC-specific algorithmic advantages and QML on MBQC devices.

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• Quantum algorithms & computation
• Quantum circuits