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    Spatial extra-bunching effect in classical light

    Chen-Xin Ding1, Run-Jie He1, Zhiyuan Ye2,*, Xue-Jiao Men1, Wanting Hou1, Yi Cui1, Hong-Chao Liu3, Hai-Bo Wang1, and Jun Xiong1,†

    • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
    • 2Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai 519087, China
    • 3Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China

    • *Contact author: yezy@bnu.edu.cn
    • †Contact author: junxiong@bnu.edu.cn

    Phys. Rev. A 112, 033503 – Published 2 September, 2025

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2r44-md7c

    Abstract

    Thermal light by nature exhibits the well-known photon bunching effect with the zero-delay second-order correlation coefficient g(2) ideally equal to 2. The Photon extra-bunching effect, as a special class of the superbunching effect (g(2)>2), describes the enhanced photon correlation (g(2)=3) through the interference of bright twin beams produced in the spontaneous parametric down-conversion. In this work, we report that this effect can exist in classical beams and that g(2) can approach 4 in some extended extreme models. We experimentally demonstrate the nontrivial extra-bunching correlation (∼1.4× gain) in pairwise-generated holographic thermal light beams with a Dove prism-embedded balanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The interaction of such a pair of conjugated thermal light beams can generate a pair of uncorrelated superthermal light beams, enabling ghost imaging and Young's intensity interference with enhanced visibility. The quantum-inspired interference-induced spatial extra-bunching effect provides novel insights into inducing superbunching correlation in classical light and holds the potential for application in the coherent two-photon Lidar system to enhance sensitivity.

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