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    Photodetection of squeezed light: A Whittaker-Shannon analysis

    Jasper Kranias1,*, Christian Drago1,2, Colin Vendromin1,2, and J. E. Sipe1

    • 1Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
    • 2Xanadu, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C8, Canada

    • *Contact author: jasper.kranias@mail.utoronto.ca

    Phys. Rev. A 113, 063719 – Published 12 June, 2026

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/2kky-9f9r

    Abstract

    The Whittaker-Shannon decomposition provides a temporally localized description of squeezed light, making it applicable in the continuous-wave limit and leading to a definition of squeezing strength based on the number of photon pairs at a time. We show examples of its usefulness by calculating quadrature variance in a homodyne detection scheme, coincidence detection probabilities in the continuous-wave limit, and analyzing the Hong-Ou-Mandel effect for strongly squeezed light. Quadrature uncertainty falls farther below the shot noise limit when squeezing is strong, but effects due to correlations between photon pairs are most significant with weak squeezing. Our analysis extends previous results to more general scenarios, and we leverage the Whittaker-Shannon formalism to interpret them based on the temporal properties of photon pairs.

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