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    The Physical Significance of Birkhoff's Gravitational Equations

    Herbert E. Ives

    • Bell Telephone Laboratories, New York, New York

    Phys. Rev. 72, 229 – Published 1 August, 1947

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.72.229

    Abstract

    Birkhoff's gravitational equations are put in terms of dt in place of the local time ds used by him. The transformed equations show that Lorentzian mass has been used, and to the Newtonian attractive force is added a force normal to the direction of motion, v2c2 times the component of the gravitational force normal to the motion.

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