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    Copper in Germanium: Recombination Center and Trapping Center

    R. G. Shulman and B. J. Wyluda

    • Bell Telephone Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey

    Phys. Rev. 102, 1455 – Published 15 June, 1956

    DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRev.102.1455

    Abstract

    The time-dependent photoconductivity of copper-doped n-type and p-type germanium bridges has been measured between 130°K and 293°K. Temporary hole traps were found in the n-type samples at the lower temperatures but no traps were observed in the p type. Trap concentrations agreed with the density of copper atoms to within a factor of two and were at least 100 times higher than undoped crystals. The trappings levels are 0.2 ev above the valence band; the capture cross section for holes, σp, is 1016 cm2 and independent of temperature while the capture cross section for electrons, σn, is temperature-dependent with an activation energy greater than 0.1 ev. As a result of this temperature dependence of σn, the 0.2-ev copper level changes from a recombination center at room temperature to a hole trap at lower temperatures.

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