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  • Open Access

Anisotropic Complementary Acoustic Metamaterial for Canceling out Aberrating Layers

Chen Shen1, Jun Xu2,‡, Nicholas X. Fang2, and Yun Jing1,†

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
  • 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA

  • *To whom all correspondence should be addressed.
  • †yjing2@ncsu.edu
  • ‡xujun@mit.edu
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Phys. Rev. X 4, 041033 – Published 19 November, 2014

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.4.041033

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate a type of anisotropic, acoustic complementary metamaterial (CMM) and its application in restoring acoustic fields distorted by aberrating layers. The proposed quasi two-dimensional (2D), nonresonant CMM consists of unit cells formed by membranes and side branches with open ends. Simultaneously, anisotropic and negative density is achieved by assigning membranes facing each direction (x and y directions) different thicknesses, while the compressibility is tuned by the side branches. Numerical examples demonstrate that the CMM, when placed adjacent to a strongly aberrating layer, could acoustically cancel out that aberrating layer. This leads to dramatically reduced acoustic field distortion and enhanced sound transmission, therefore virtually removing the layer in a noninvasive manner. In the example where a focused beam is studied, using the CMM, the acoustic intensity at the focus is increased from 28% to 88% of the intensity in the control case (in the absence of the aberrating layer and the CMM). The proposed acoustic CMM has a wide realm of potential applications, such as cloaking, all-angle antireflection layers, ultrasound imaging, detection, and treatment through aberrating layers.

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Popular Summary

Acoustic transmission through aberrating or reflecting layers has been a long-standing issue in medical ultrasounds and nondestructive evaluation. An example of acoustic transmission is transcranial ultrasound beam focusing, where the ultrasound needs to be transmitted through the skull for either imaging or therapy. During this process, a large portion of the energy is reflected because of the presence of the skull, and the acoustic field is severely distorted, compromising the quality of the image or the treatment efficacy. We propose a unique solution to solve this problem using an anisotropic, acoustic, nonresonant, complementary metamaterial that virtually removes the aberrating layer.

We present the first feasible design for making acoustic complementary metamaterials, which consist of aluminum membranes approximately 0.1 mm thick and branch openings in each unit cell. The operating frequency of the metamaterials is 50 kHz, and there are 120×10 unit cells over the entire metamaterial. The membranes introduce negative densities, and the branch openings are characterized by negative compressibilities. More importantly, we assign a membrane in each x or y direction with different thicknesses in order to achieve a strong anisotropy for the density; parameters in both directions are treated as one-dimensional quantities. We show that this design does not rely on resonance, unlike conventional acoustic metamaterials, and therefore does not suffer from energy losses due to resonance. Our numerical wave simulations show that the acoustic field distortion from the aberrating layer can be significantly reduced by using complementary metamaterials, and, in fact, the sound transmission is enhanced by approximately a factor of 3.

Our study paves the way for realizing acoustic complementary metamaterials that have a wide range of applications, including cloaking, all-angle antireflection, ultrasound imaging, and therapy through aberrating layers.

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Supplemental Material

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Phys. Rev. X 4, 041033– Published 19 November, 2014
  • Received 14 August 2014
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This article is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.

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